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Characteristics
|
Total participants
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Asthma
|
Control
|
|---|
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Age (mean, SD, y)
|
55.9 (8.7)
|
53.2 (8.4)
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Sex (n, %)
|
24.4 (3.3)
|
23.9 (2.9)
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Men
|
952 (30.1)
|
54,772 (34.4)
| |
|
Women
|
2208 (69.9)
|
104,647 (65.6)
| |
|
BMI (mean, SD, kg/m2)
|
24.4 (3.3)
|
23.9 (2.9)
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Income (n, %)
| | |
< 0.001a
|
|
Missing, no response
|
471 (14.9)
|
20,322 (12.7)
| |
|
Lowest
|
1125 (35.6)
|
44,950 (28.2)
| |
|
Middle
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996 (31.5)
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59,632 (37.4)
| |
|
Highest
|
568 (18.0)
|
34,515 (21.7)
| |
|
Smoking status (n, %)
| | |
< 0.001a
|
|
Nonsmoker
|
2344 (74.2)
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116,244 (72.9)
| |
|
Past smoker
|
510 (16.1)
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23,320 (14.6)
| |
|
Current smoker
|
306 (9.7)
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19,855 (12.5)
| |
|
Alcohol consumption (n, %)
| | |
< 0.001a
|
|
Non drinker
|
1804 (57.1)
|
81,011 (50.8)
| |
|
Past drinker
|
176 (5.6)
|
6091 (3.8)
| |
|
Current drinker
|
1180 (37.3)
|
72,317 (45.4)
| |
|
Nutritional intake
|
|
Total calories (kcal/d)
|
1722.6 (574.5)
|
1755.6 (582.6)
|
0.002a
|
|
Protein (g/d)
|
57.8 (25.5)
|
59.7 (26.9)
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Fat (g/d)
|
26.5 (17.3)
|
28.1 (18.5)
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Carbohydrate (g/d)
|
309.1 (96.4)
|
311.8 (95.3)
|
0.117
|
|
Calcium (mg/d)
|
449.3 (287.4)
|
450.4 (273.1)
|
0.839
|
|
Phosphorus (mg/d)
|
878.5 (371.9)
|
898.6 (375.2)
|
0.003a
|
|
Potassium (mg/d)
|
2233.8 (1142.2)
|
2271.1 (1109.4)
|
0.069
|
|
Osteoporosis (n, %)
|
430 (13.6)
|
10,782 (6.8)
|
< 0.001a
|
- SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index
- a Independent T-test or Chi square test. Significance at P < 0.05
