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Transient wheezing (n = 14)
|
Persistent wheezing (n = 54)
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Late-onset wheezing (n = 17)
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χ
2
|
p
|
|---|
|
Age at recruitment (mean ± SD)
|
1.32 ± 0.62
|
2.61 ± 1.44
|
4.57 ± 0.79
|
–
|
–
|
|
Age at follow-up (mean ± SD)
|
4.95 ± 0.70
|
6.28 ± 1.26
|
8.19 ± 0.75
|
–
|
–
|
|
Gender [n (%)]
| | | |
0.62
|
0.734
|
|
Male
|
11 (78.6)
|
43 (79.6)
|
12 (70.6)
| | |
|
Female
|
3 (21.4)
|
11 (20.4)
|
5 (29.4)
| | |
|
Birth history [n (%)]a
| | | |
3.60
|
0.134
|
|
Full-term
|
11 (78.6)
|
47 (87.0)
|
17 (100.0)
| | |
|
Preterm
|
3 (21.4)
|
7 (13.0)
|
0 (0.0)
| | |
|
Recruitment season [n (%)]a
| | | |
1.24
|
0.891
|
|
Spring
|
9 (64.3)
|
26 (48.1)
|
8 (47.1)
| | |
|
Autumn
|
3 (21.4)
|
16 (29.6)
|
5 (29.4)
| | |
|
Winter
|
2 (14.3)
|
12 (22.2)
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4 (23.5)
| | |
|
Siblings [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
No-siblings
|
8 (57.1)
|
37 (68.5)
|
14 (82.4)
|
2.32
|
0.321
|
|
Breastfed history [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
14 (100.0)
|
50 (92.6)
|
15 (88.2)
|
1.39
|
0.496
|
|
Childcare [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
0 (0.0)
|
1 (1.9)
|
1 (5.9)
|
1.54
|
0.605
|
|
Pets kept when the child was born [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
2 (14.3)
|
8 (14.8)
|
2 (11.8)
|
0.17
|
1.000
|
|
Current pet ownership [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
2 (14.3)
|
6 (11.1)
|
2 (11.8)
|
0.40
|
0.892
|
|
Mother smoking history [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
1 (7.1)
|
1 (1.9)
|
1 (5.9)
|
2.14
|
0.300
|
|
Other family member smoking history [n (%)]a
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
9 (64.3)
|
31 (57.4)
|
10 (58.8)
|
0.25
|
0.949
|
|
Onset age of wheezing (months)b
|
6.0 (5.8, 12.0)
|
12.0 (6.0, 24.0)
|
36.0 (36.0, 48.0)
|
43.66
|
< 0.001
|
|
Current wheezing episode at recruitmentb
|
4 (3, 4)
|
4 (3, 5)
|
4 (2, 6)
|
0.16
|
0.925
|
|
Current wheezing episode at follow-upb
|
0 (0, 0)c
|
0 (0, 1)
|
0 (0, 1)
|
0.98
|
0.323
|
- Italic values indicate the significance of p value (p < 0.05)
- aFisher’s exact test was used for groups’ comparison
- bVariables were expressed as median (inter-quartile)
- cChildren in Transient wheezing group stopped wheezing symptom at follow-up
